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Theories of intelligence b.ed notes
Many psychologists have created many theories of intelligence. While some psychologists think intelligence is inherited and impacted by biological characteristics, others think intelligence is learned via experiences throughout life and is influenced by the environment.
Historical background of human intelligence
In the late 1800s, Sir Francis Galton was one of the pioneers in the study of human intellect. Early in the 20th century, German psychologist William Stern coined the term “intelligence quotient,” or “IQ.” Alfred Binet, a psychologist, created the first IQ test to assist the French government in identifying pupils who required more assistance in their academics.
Different types of intelligence theory
It is possible to say that both biological and environmental variables influence intelligence. Let’s examine the many ideas of intelligence that psychologists have put forward through time.
Two Factor Theory of Intelligence
One of the oldest hypotheses of intelligence, known as general intelligence or the g factor, was put out by a British psychologist by the name of Charles Spearman. He believed that pupils who performed well in one area would probably also perform well in related disciplines, and vice versa.
Howard Gardner multiple intelligence
There are eight different forms of intelligence, according to Howard Gardner, and they are as follows:
- Linguistic Intelligence (“word smart”): Both oral and written activities are well-suited to people.
- Logical-Mathematical Intelligence (“number/reasoning smart”): People excel in logic games, pattern recognition, and problem solving.
- Visual-Spatial Intelligence (“picture smart”): Visualization is a skill that people excel at.
- Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence (“body smart”): People are adept at comprehending how the body works.
- Musical Intelligence (“music smart”): People are skilled at musical endeavours and instrument playing.
- Naturalist Intelligence (“nature smart”): People are adept at comprehending flora and fauna, the land, and the atmosphere.
- Interpersonal Intelligence (“people smart”): People are adept at reading the thoughts and sentiments of others.
- Interpersonal Intelligence (“self smart”): People are adept at comprehending their beliefs, principles, attitudes, and more.
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
American psychologist Robert Sternberg created the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence. He put up this hypothesis two years after Gardner’s theory, which outlined its shortcomings. He asserts that there are three distinct categories of intelligence:
- Analytical intelligence
- Creative intelligence
- Practical intelligence
Numerous more hypotheses on intelligence have been put out through the years by various psychologists. But it’s vital to remember the aforementioned theories of intelligence since they’re significant.
