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Theories of Sociological Perspectives:

Structural-Functional Theory (functionalism):

The first concept is based on a structural-functional theory. This perspective sees society as a complex, interrelated system in which each component functions as a whole. Functionalism is a school of thought in sociology and other social sciences that holds that every one of the organizations, associations, duties, and customs that make up a society has a job and each one of them is necessary for the others’ and society’s function and continuous existence.

Social change is viewed as an appropriate reaction to a certain strain within the social system in functionalism. When one element of an integrated social system changes, it creates a conflict with the other elements of the network, which is addressed by the other segments’ responsive adjustment.

Example:

As human beings, we understand when and how to clap, as well as how to acquire snacks and where to sit. All of the separate components must operate together for the system to function. Structural-functional theory investigates how every component of the wider social environment interacts and works together.

Conflict Theory:

Social conflict theory is the second main theoretical paradigm in sociology. This idea believes that society is a collection of unequal groups that are always at odds with one another, resulting in conflict and change. Terrorism, revolutions, unemployment, prejudice, and sexual assault are all examples of social processes that conflict theory has attempted to explain. Most essential changes in human existence, such as democratization and civil rights, are attributed to capitalist efforts to control the masses, according to this theory.

Dominance and authority, rather than consent and compliance, are said to preserve social order in conflict theory. As per conflict theory, people who have wealth and power attempt to keep it by whatever means necessary, most notably through oppressing the poor and helpless.

Example:

However, if there may be more peace than dispute, the interaction between a residential owner and a renter is built mostly on dispute rather than stability or peace. They feel that collecting whatever commodities they can from each other defines them.

Interactionism:

Interactionism, often known as symbolic interactionism, is a social action or micro theory that holds that people generate significance via their interactions with one another. Interactionists study the exchanges between students and between students and instructors in the field of education, focusing on ideas like labeling and the procedures and connections that occur inside institutions. Rather than appealing to systemic external causes like capitalism or sexism to describe uneven accomplishment for distinct demographic classes, they would look to such processes.

Example:

Poor standardized exam results or poor performance in a specific class are frequently used to classify an individual as a weak performer.