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Justice and Care
A “liberal” viewpoint supported by Martha Naussbaum is agreeable with the feminist assertion of the worth of women as individuals.
“At the heart of this tradition [of liberal political thought] is a twofold intuition about human beings: namely, that all, just by being human, are of equal dignity and worth, no matter where they are situated in society, and that the primary source of this worth is a power of moral choice within them, a power that consists in the ability to plan a life in accordance with one’s own evaluation of ends.”
A third concept is related to these two others, and it is that “the moral equality of people provides them a rightful claim to certain sorts of treatment at the hands of society and politics.” Appreciate and advance both the right to free choice as well as the dignity of those who exercise it.
Her view holds that “all people have the fundamental qualities of reason and morality, even though their social environments may have had a varied impact on these qualities.” And it does so by intentionally denying gender, rank, class, and religion the same relevance in political discourse while defining the public domain in terms of this fundamental. “
In the interest of human dignity, her approach to women’s concerns is “part of a methodical and legitimate program that challenges hierarchy across the board.” According to her, the foundation of political philosophy should be “the understanding of human beings as inherently rational actors.” Practical reason, which includes moral and political purpose, should be the main sort of reasoning stressed.
Role of capabilities
Amartya Sen’s notion of substantial freedoms or capacities is the basis of Martha Nussbaum’s liberal philosophy of justice and human rights. Sen created this idea to solve issues with justice and human growth. (The Ethics of Substantial Freedom by Sen has further information.) Prior to engaging in rational conversation regarding just distributions, we must select a dimension whose relative value is significant. If, for instance, equal distribution is just, we need to determine exactly what should be distributed equally. The issue is figuring out exactly what we ought to be working to improve in terms of human development and, more particularly, poverty.
Basic capabilities:
The list of fundamental competencies is a requirement for Nussbaum’s capability approach.
What human behaviors are so essential that they seem to define a life that is genuinely human, according to Aristotle, are the activities that people often engage in? Then, two more, more specific queries are made: (1) “Which modifications or transitions are consistent with the ongoing existence of a being as a member of the human species and which is not? “ Secondly, “What sorts of activities must be present if we are to recognise a particular life as being human?”
- Existence is capable of living a regular human life until its conclusion.
- Physical well-being and honesty.
- Physical honesty is being allowed to move freely from one location to another and being protected from violent and sexual harassment.
- Living for and in connection to others, recognising and expressing care for other people, participating in many types of social contact, imagining another person’s position and feeling empathy for it, and being able to practise both justice and friendship are all examples of this. being able to get treated as a respectable being whose value is comparable to other people’s.
- Being able to live in harmony with nature includes wildlife, vegetation, and other living things.
- Being prepared to laugh, enjoy, and take advantage of such opportunities
On this list, there are two crucial qualifications: They start off as a list of individual parts. They all have unique qualities and are crucial in their own right. Secondly, they have intricate connections between one another that can only be found by practical research. Be aware that practically every illustration in her description of the fundamental talents contains the phrase “being able to.”
Combined and Internal Functionality
Internal capacities are characteristics of people that are necessary for performing the relevant role (given a suitable complement of external conditions). The majority of individuals possess the innate ability to speak. Combining internal capabilities with the external factors that enable the practice of a function is a viable choice that results in combined capabilities.
The objectives of community administration is to promote integrated skills; to do this, two different types of efforts are needed:
(1) to promote internal capabilities (such as via education or training); and
(2) to make the external institutional and material circumstances available.
