Back to: Psychological Foundations of Education B.ed Notes, M.A Notes, IGNOU Notes and Graduation Notes
Projective Techniques in Psychology
Through these procedures or tactics, the examiner does not watch the participant’s outward behavior as in a mock-up of real-life circumstances, nor does he ask the question what he thinks of his own performance or how he feels about particular events. Rather, the participant is instructed to act imaginatively, such as by inventing a tale, reading inkblots, building things out of plastic, or sketching anything he wishes.
As a result, the participant is urged to freely “project” or express his ideas, feelings, wants, and other reactions in some of the settings that are offered. Therefore, the goal of these techniques is to expose the underlying characteristics, feelings, beliefs, and imaginations that guide a person’s behavior in real-world circumstances. The underlying premise of the projective technique is that an individual reveals his or her deepest traits or personality by what they observe in their unstructured and ambiguous environment and what they say about it.
Features of Projective Techniques
- The stimulus information is often impartial, imprecise, or mostly undefinable, allowing the individual to imprint his personality on it with ease.
- It is more vital to consider the subject’s wants, attitudes, ideas, goals, tensions, and imaginations than the current reality of his or her environment.
- These procedures disclose implicit or unconscious components of the psyche; as a result, psycho-dynamic concepts are crucial to the interpretations.
- Inexperienced interpreters are more prone to incorporate their own prejudices and imaginations into their readings of the subject’s works.
The Rorschach Inkblot Test
It was created by the Swiss psychologist Herman Rosschach in 1921 and consists of 10 identical inkblots. Five of these cards are black and white, two have red accents, and the other three are colored. Typically, each person takes the test independently.
The consumer is asked to describe what he sees in the inkblot, what it signifies to him, or what it may be when the card is revealed to him or her. The investigator learns more about the person’s perceptions in the second phase, which is referred to as the inquiry.
The investigator attempts to determine if the individual responded to the color, patterning, and other relevant elements of the inkblots in the third phase, known as “testing the limits,” and whether the respondent used the entire or sections of the blots in his replies. Next, whether Beek or Klopfer and Kelley’s scoring method is applied to all of these replies. The perception comes next. The study’s score sections, such as circulation and coloration, are considered to represent many personality characteristics like cognitive inventiveness, extroverted emotionality, practicality, and so on.
The Thematic Apperception Test
It was established in 1935 by Murray and Morgan and comprises 20 photos in total. Each one makes a suggestion, and the individual is invited to tell it. These images have been grouped into sections that are acceptable for kids, grownups, and both sexes. The topic on each image explains the tale by identifying the people, outlining their ties to one another, outlining the circumstances that led to the event depicted in the image, and announcing the ending.
The plot is examined in light of key ideas, including those pertaining to the hero, sexual preferences, professional aspirations, familial tensions, and social standing. It is important to pay close attention to any themes or topics that keep coming up.
The underlying opinions, thinking patterns, values, and motivations of the subject are projected through these themes, together with the traits of the other characters—the father, mother, brothers, sisters, husband, and wife. The TAT illuminates personality functionality, whereas the Rosschach Test illuminates personality foundations.
This test is very well-liked in India, and efforts have been made to modify it for the local environment. The Manovigyanshala of Allahabad created one well-known Indian version. The Children’s Apperception Test (CAT), developed specifically for use with kids, is referred to as such. This has also been modified for India.
Children’s Apperception Test (cat)
Bellack created this exam in 1948. It’s being used to evaluate the personality of a child starting at the age of twelve. Younger children are extremely interested in communicating with animals and in hearing animal storytelling. The psychologist strengthens the relationship with the chief before the exam in order to get his participation. CAT makes the child’s concealed emotions accessible.
